Critical bugs in all modern processor chips that allow attackers to potentially steal sensitive data were publicly revealed Wednesday after months of private security industry work and days of public speculation.

Named “Meltdown” and “Spectre,” the vulnerabilities could allow attackers to find passwords or sensitive documents stored in memory.

The exploits work on personal computers, mobile devices and on cloud infrastructure that relies on hardware dating back to 1995. For most people, the solution is to install security updates for their operating system quickly and regularly.

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